We present a brief report on the different types of skull bone prostheses used in cranioplasty.Skull defects, most often resulting from severe head injuries, BIO STRATH have been known since the times of Ancient Egypt.Ethnographic reports indicate that at that time the skull defects were restored with golden plates.In the following centuries of med

The water cooling system plays an important role in the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter station.To reduce the leakage current among metal components, a certain number of platinum electrodes are installed at the distributary pipes.However, due to electric field distortion around the platinum electrode, over 66% faults of the cooling sys